Practical approaches to seismic design of deep foundations

This paper sets out a simplified approach by which the practical foundation designer can undertake the relevant calculations to satisfy the requirements for deep foundation design in seismic areas. The following matters are dealt with:

1. Design issues that should be addressed;
2. Pile design for axial loading, including the possible effects of liquefaction;
3. Pile design for lateral loading where liquefaction does not occur;
4. Pile design for lateral loading where liquefaction does occur;
5. Measures to mitigate against liquefaction effects.